This study investigates methanol contamination and labeling compliance in alcoholic beverages marketed in Yaoundé, Cameroon. A total of 106 beverages, including spirits, wines, and traditional drinks, were analyzed. Methanol quantification was performed using a modified chromotropic acid spectrophotometric method, while alcohol content was determined by distillation followed by aerometry. Results revealed that 32.1% of beverages exceeded the European Union’s methanol safety limit of 50 mg/L, although none reached the acute toxicity threshold of 2000 mg/L (14 mg/kg bw/day). Labeling analysis showed that 13.5% of samples had alcohol content discrepancies, and 16% lacked proper alcohol labeling, particularly among traditional beverages. Additionally, major traceability gaps, such as missing or repeated batch numbers, were observed. While acute methanol poisoning risk appears low, the potential long-term health impacts of chronic low-level exposure remain concerning, especially for heavy consumers. The findings highlight the urgent need for national methanol regulations, stricter labeling enforcement, systematic beverage monitoring, and public awareness initiatives to ensure consumer safety and support public health policy development in Cameroon.