Forensic serology is a scientific discipline directed to the recognition and identification of biological stains in matters pertaining to the law. It is a branch of forensic investigation that deals with the physical properties of blood and the patterns produced under different circumstances as a result of various forces being applied to the blood. Blood is a fluid which follows the laws of physics. It is the detection, classification and study of various bodily fluids of blood, semen, fecal matter and perspiration, and their relationship to a crime scene. Determination of the type and characteristics of blood, bloodstain examination, blood testing and preparation of testimony or presentations at trial. Blood is the most common, well-known and important evidence in the world of modern criminal justice system.
In forensic science, blood has always been considered as class evidence. However, individual blood evidence is possible in the near future. Class evidence for blood includes blood type. By determining the DNA, you will have individual evidence. Bloodstain patterns are considered to be circumstantial evidence in a courtroom. Experts can argue many points, position of the victim, height of the perpetrator left/right hand, including direction of travel whether the body was moved, etc.
The important aspect in forensic serology is to determine the stains that are found at a crime scene which resembling like blood, whether it is actually blood or some other stain that bears a similar resemblance.
Evidence used for the cases commonly includes bedding, sexual assault kits, complainant clothing, and sometimes, suspect clothing. Other common case submissions include potential blood evidence from homicides, aggravated assaults and burglaries. Items commonly submitted for blood testing includes swabbings from crime scenes are weapons, clothing, or any number of other items that may possess bloodstains. The item which is obtained from crime scene is small, it can be submitted to the laboratory in its entirety.