Pediatrics is mainly dealing with health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents under 18 years. The word pediatrics mean healer of children. The main aim of study of pediatrics is to reduce an infant and child death rates, control the spreading of infectious diseases, promote healthy for a long disease-free life and help ease in child’s problems and adolescents with chronic conditions. Pediatricians’ can diagnose and treat several conditions among children includes: injuries, viral infections, genetic and congenital conditions, cancers, organ diseases and dysfunctions.
Pediatrics is concerned not only about innate ill of the child, but also long term effects on quality life, disability and survival. Pediatricians’ were involved with the prevention of diseases, early detection, and management of problems, including: developmental delays and disorders, behavioral issues, functional disabilities, social stresses, mental disorders including depression and anxiety. Adult medicine is different from pediatrics in many ways. The infants or neonates or a child is different physiologically from adults. So treating children is not like treating a miniature adult. Congenital defects, genetic variance, and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than physicians treating adults. In addition, there are several legal issues in pediatrics. Children are minors and, in most jurisdictions, cannot make decisions for themselves. The issues of guardianship, privacy, legal responsibility and informed consent should be considered in every child health procedure. In ancient days more number of children were dying due to the non medical awareness among people who lived in rural areas. Pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria together are the cause of 3 out of every 10 child deaths before the age of 5 and nearly half of under-five deaths globally are attributable to under nutrition. A child’s death is emotionally and physically hard on the parents. Many deaths in the majority of the world go unreported since many poor families cannot afford to register their babies in the government registry.