Advances in Diabetes & Endocrinology

Research Article

Determination of Association and Risks Indices of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Expressing CDKN-2A Gene in Some Tribes in Southern Nigeria

Doris OC, Bartimaeus EAS, Ogechi NE and Holy B*

*Address for Correspondence:Brown Holy, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.E-mail Id: brown.holy01@ust.edu.ng
Submission: 26 November, 2025 Accepted: 22 December, 2025 Published: 24 December, 2025
Copyright: © 2025 Doris OC, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Keywords:CDKN/2A gene; lifestyles modification; Diabetes Type 2

Abstract

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN/2A) gene locus has been implicated in diabetes type 2 susceptibility through genomewide association studies (GWAS). However, there is paucity of data on this in Nigeria. The aim was to determine association and risks indices of subjects with type 2 diabetes expressing CDKN/2A gene in some tribes in Southern Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study that involved 120 females and males’ subjects from Ijaw, Ogoni, Ikwerre and Igbo tribes, between the ages of 34 – 84 attending diabetic clinics at two tertiary hospitals. Well-structured questionnaires were randomly administered to the 120 subjects. The result revealed significant associations (p < 0.05) between all examined lifestyle factors and T2D in individuals expressing the CDKN/2A gene. Sedentary individuals showed a strong positive association with T2D (X² = 16.28, p < 0.0001), with elevated relative risk (RR = 1.66) and odds ratio (OR = 3.21). Subjects without a family history of T2D had a higher association (X² = 16.31, p < 0.0001), with increased relative risk (RR = 1.59) and odds ratio (OR = 3.49). Non-smokers exhibited a significant association with T2D (X² = 24.97, p < 0.0001), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.26) and odds ratio (OR = 0.11). The Ijaw tribe depicted a modest but significant association (X² = 4.09, p = 0.043), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.75) and odds ratio (OR = 0.56). While Ikwere tribe had a strong negative association (X² = 15.56, p < 0.0001), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.51) and odds ratio (OR = 0.29). Also, Ogoni tribe had a significant negative association (X² = 10.11, p = 0.0015), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.61) and odds ratio (OR = 0.39). And Igbo tribe had no significant association. Individuals expressing CDKN/2A gene may have the propensity for risk indices for type 2 diabetes in the study population.