Advances in Diabetes & Endocrinology
Research Article
Determination of Association and Risks Indices of Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Expressing CDKN-2A Gene in Some Tribes in Southern Nigeria
Doris OC, Bartimaeus EAS, Ogechi NE and Holy B*
*Address for Correspondence:Brown Holy, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of
Medical Laboratory Science, Rivers State University, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.E-mail Id: brown.holy01@ust.edu.ng
Submission: 26 November, 2025
Accepted: 22 December, 2025
Published: 24 December, 2025
Copyright: © 2025 Doris OC, et al. This is an open access
article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Keywords:CDKN/2A gene; lifestyles modification; Diabetes Type 2
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKN/2A) gene locus has
been implicated in diabetes type 2 susceptibility through genomewide
association studies (GWAS). However, there is paucity of data on
this in Nigeria. The aim was to determine association and risks indices of
subjects with type 2 diabetes expressing CDKN/2A gene in some tribes
in Southern Nigeria. This is a cross-sectional study that involved 120
females and males’ subjects from Ijaw, Ogoni, Ikwerre and Igbo tribes,
between the ages of 34 – 84 attending diabetic clinics at two tertiary
hospitals. Well-structured questionnaires were randomly administered
to the 120 subjects. The result revealed significant associations (p
< 0.05) between all examined lifestyle factors and T2D in individuals
expressing the CDKN/2A gene. Sedentary individuals showed a strong
positive association with T2D (X² = 16.28, p < 0.0001), with elevated
relative risk (RR = 1.66) and odds ratio (OR = 3.21). Subjects without a
family history of T2D had a higher association (X² = 16.31, p < 0.0001),
with increased relative risk (RR = 1.59) and odds ratio (OR = 3.49).
Non-smokers exhibited a significant association with T2D (X² = 24.97,
p < 0.0001), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.26) and odds ratio (OR =
0.11). The Ijaw tribe depicted a modest but significant association (X²
= 4.09, p = 0.043), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.75) and odds ratio
(OR = 0.56). While Ikwere tribe had a strong negative association (X² =
15.56, p < 0.0001), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.51) and odds ratio
(OR = 0.29). Also, Ogoni tribe had a significant negative association (X²
= 10.11, p = 0.0015), with reduced relative risk (RR = 0.61) and odds ratio
(OR = 0.39). And Igbo tribe had no significant association. Individuals
expressing CDKN/2A gene may have the propensity for risk indices for
type 2 diabetes in the study population.
