Evaluation of the Effect of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Silver Oxide

Silver oxide has many applications in the pharmaceuticals industry, but it is insoluble in many solvents and sensitive to light. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect® on the physicochemical and thermal properties of silver oxide using modern analytical techniques. The silver oxide test sample was divided into two parts, one part of the test sample was considered as a control sample, whereas the other part received the Biofield Energy Treatment remotely by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton and termed as a treated sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite size were significantly altered ranging from -37.33 to 17.89% and -63.23% to 230.12%, respectively; however, the average crystallite size was significantly decreased by 18.13% in the treated silver oxide compared with the control sample. The particle size values were significantly decreased by 36.02%(d10), 26.15%(d50), 23.46%(d90), and 26.15%{D(4,3)}, respectively; therefore, the specific surface area was significantly increased by 61.94% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The latent heat of fusion of the treated silver oxide was significantly decreased by 43.29% compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was increased in the treated sample by 8.13% compared with the control sample. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment introduced a new polymorphic form of silver oxide which may show better solubility, dissolution rate, absorption, and bioavailability of silver oxide in the pharmaceutical formulations and advantageous for the industry using it as a raw material.


Introduction
Silver oxide is a fine black or dark brown chemical compound. It is used as a reagent in the laboratory reactions to synthesize various compounds; as well as in organic chemistry as a mild oxidizing agent (i.e., oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids), and in silver-oxide batteries. It is also impregnated in fabrics used in surgery as it resists the growth of microbes [1][2][3]. Local treatment with this silver oxide ointment, in difficult venous ulcerations, as one component of the total wound dressing, which improved microcirculation measurements and healing rate [4]. Silver oxide is very effective in removing carbon dioxide from the humidified air. This characteristic of silver oxide is extensively used in space missions (by the international space station, nuclear submarines, and space shuttle). Silver oxide nanostructure on porous silicon used for the optoelectronic application. For the preparation of pollution control filter for gas sensors silver oxide also used [5,6]. The physicochemical properties of silver oxide are photosensitive, decomposes at lower temperatures (280 o C), soluble in acid and alkali, slightly soluble in water, and insoluble in ethanol [1][2][3].
In this regards, the Trivedi Effect ® -Biofield Energy Healing Treatment has a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of various living and non-living object(s) [7][8][9]. The Trivedi Effect ® is a natural and only scientifically proven phenomenon in which a person can harness this inherently intelligent energy from the Universe and transmit it anywhere on the planet through the possible mediation of neutrinos [10]. There is a unique para-dimensional electromagnetic field exists around the body of every living organism, which generated from the continuous movement of the electrically charged particles (ions, cells, etc.) inside the body is known as "Biofield" (Putative Energy Field). The Biofield based Energy Healing Therapies have been accepted worldwide and reported with significant outcomes against various disease conditions [11]. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) recommend and included the Energy therapy under Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) category along with homeopathy, Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and medicines, naturopathy, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, chiropractic/osteopathic manipulation, Reiki, healing touch, yoga, meditation, massage, progressive relaxation, guided imagery, acupuncture, acupressure, movement therapy, hypnotherapy, pilates, Rolfing structural integration, mindfulness, cranial sacral therapy, aromatherapy, etc. The CAM has been accepted by most of the U.S. population [12,13]. The Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment also gained huge achievements in different field of sciences which has been reported with amazing results, i.e., in agriculture [14,15], microbiology [16,17], biotechnology [18,19], organic chemistry [20,21], material science [22,23], medical science [20,21], and nutraceutical/pharmaceutical sciences [26,29]. Seeing the amazing results of the Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on various living and non-living object(s), this current study has been designed to evaluate the impact of the Trivedi Effect ® on silver oxide using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Particle Size Analysis (PSA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) Analytical Techniques, and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG).

Chemicals and reagents
The silver (I) oxide (Ag 2 O) powder was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, India. All other chemicals used during the experiments were of analytical grade available in India.

Consciousness energy healing treatment strategies
The test sample (silver oxide) powder was divided into two parts. One part of the test sample was treated with the Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment remotely under standard laboratory conditions for 3 minutes and known as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The Biofield Energy Treatment was provided through the healer's unique energy transmission process by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton, USA, to the test sample. Subsequently, the other part of the test sample was considered as a control/untreated sample (Biofield Energy Treatment was not provided). Further, the control sample was treated with a "sham" healer for the comparison with the results of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide. The "sham" healer did not aware about the Biofield Energy Treatment. After the treatment, the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated silver oxide samples were kept in sealed conditions and characterized using PXRD, PSA, DSC, and TGA techniques.

Characterization
The PSA, PXRD, DSC, and TGA analysis of silver oxide were performed. The PXRD analysis of silver oxide powder sample was performed with the help of Rigaku MiniFlex-II Desktop X-ray diffractometer (Japan) [30,31]. The average size of crystallites was calculated from PXRD data using the Scherrer's formula (1): Where G is the crystallite size in nm, k is the equipment constant (0.94), λ is the radiation wavelength (0.154056 nm for Kα1 emission), β is the full-width at half maximum, and θ is the Bragg angle [32].
The PSA was performed using Malvern Mastersizer 2000, from the UK with a detection range between 0.01 µm to 3000 µm using the wet method [33,34]. Similarly, the DSC analysis of silver oxide was performed with the help of DSC Q200, TA instruments [28,29].
The TGA/DTG thermograms of silver oxide were obtained with the help of TGA Q50 TA instruments [28,29]. The % change in particle size, Specific Surface Area (SSA), peak intensity, crystallite size, melting point, latent heat, weight loss and the maximum thermal degradation temperature (T max ) of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was calculated compared with the control sample using the following equation 2:

Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) analysis
The PXRD experimental results of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide samples showed sharp and intense peaks in the respective diffractograms indicated that both the samples were crystalline ( Figure 1). The peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide were significantly altered ranging from -37.33 to 17.89% compared to the control sample (Table 1). Similarly, the crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide were significantly altered ranging from -63.23% to 230.12% compared to the control sample. Overall, the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide (385.33 nm) was significantly decreased by 18.13% compared with the control sample (470.67 nm).
The results indicated significant variations in the crystallite sizes and peak intensities of the Biofield Energy Treated sample compared to the control sample. The literature says that, the peak intensity of any diffraction face on the crystalline compound changes according to the crystal morphology [35], and alterations in the PXRD pattern provides the proof of polymorphic transitions [36,37]. The Biofield Energy Healing Treatment probably produced the new polymorphic form of silver oxide with the help of Consciousness   Energy via neutrino oscillations [10]. Different polymorphic forms of a compound have a significant effect on their physicochemical and thermodynamic properties like melting point, energy, stability, and especially solubility [38,39]. Hence, the Trivedi Effect ® Treated silver oxide would be better to use in the pharmaceutical formulations and other industry using it as a raw material for the manufacturing.

Particle Size Analysis (PSA)
The PSA analysis of both the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was performed, and the distribution curves are presented in (Figure 2). The pattern of particle size distribution curve of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide sample was slightly different compared to the control sample ( Figure 2). The particle size values of the control sample at d 10 Table 2). The specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide (0.22 m 2 /g) was significantly increased by 61.94% compared with the control sample (0.13 m 2 /g). Hence, it can be assumed that the Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment might act as an external force for decreasing the particle sizes of silver oxide sample, hence increased the surface area. It was previously reported that the particle size, shape, and surface area have their impact on the solubility, dissolution rate, absorption, bioavailability, and even the therapeutic efficacy if it is a drug [40][41][42]. Thus, it is anticipated that the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide might show the enhanced therapeutic properties of pharmaceutical formulations and would be better for the industry using it as a raw material for the manufacturing.

Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis
The DSC thermal analysis has been performed to characterize the thermal behavior of both the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide samples (Figure 3). The thermograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide showed the sharp endothermic peak at 199.74 °C and 198.98 °C , respectively ( Table 3). The experimental melting point match to the reported melting point [1]. The melting point of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was slightly decreased by 0.38% compared with the control sample ( Table  3).
The heat energy required to melt (latent heat of fusion; ∆H fusion) of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide (8.87 J/g) was significantly decreased by 43.29% compared with the control sample (15.64 J/g) ( Table 3). Any change in the chains of the molecule and the crystal structure change in the latent heat of fusion [43]. Therefore, it can be presumed that Alice's Biofield Energy Treatment disturbed the     molecular chains and crystal structure of silver oxide which would decline the melting point and latent heat of fusion of the treated sample compared to the control sample [9,10].

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)/ Differential Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (DTG)
The TGA thermal analysis was performed, and the thermograms of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide samples displayed two steps of thermal degradation (Figure 4). The total weight loss in the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide (12.24%) was increased significantly by 8.13% compared with the control sample (11.32%). Therefore, the residue amount was 1.04% less in the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide compared to the control sample (Table 4).
Similarly, the DTG thermograms of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide exhibited two peaks ( Figure 5). The T max of the 1 st peak of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was decreased by 1.73% compared with the control sample. Likewise, the T max of the 2 nd peak of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was also decreased by 3.12% compared to the control sample (Table 4). Overall, TGA/ DTG revealed that the thermal stability of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was declined compared with the control sample.

Conclusion
The Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment has shown the significant impact on the crystallite size, particle size, surface area, and thermal behaviors of silver oxide. The PXRD analysis of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide showed sharp and intense peaks in the diffractograms, indicated that both the samples were crystalline. The peak intensities and crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide were significantly altered ranging from -37.33 to 17.89% and -63.23% to 230.12%, respectively, compared with the control sample. Overall, the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was significantly decreased by 18.13% compared with the control sample. The particle size values of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide were significantly decreased at d 10 , d 50 , d 90 , and D(4,3) by 36.02%, 26.15%, 23.46%, and 26.15%, respectively compared to the control sample. Therefore, the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was significantly increased by 61.94% compared with the control sample. The ∆H fusion the Biofield Energy Treated silver oxide was significantly decreased by 43.29% compared with the control sample. The total weight loss was increased by 8.13% compared with the control sample. The Trivedi Effect ® -Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment introduced a new polymorphic form of silver oxide which may show better solubility, dissolution rate, absorption, and bioavailability toxicity of silver oxide in the pharmaceutical formulations and advantageous for the industry using it as a raw material.